Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 6

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 6

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Summary (Question and Answer)



Chapter Six

CHAPTER SIX – Year of Wonders

1

211

Fox phoned Joyce, the psychiatrist recommended by Tracy, on Boxing Day. How would she describe how Fox sounded on the phone when she was asked to recall the event many years later?

Joyce says that Fox sounded like ‘a little boy who’d rather die than admit how scared he was’

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213

These sessions proved remarkably effective and Fox and Joyce were soon meeting three times a week to discuss his issues. As a result of these sessions, Fox claims that ‘the smoke began to clear’ and together they were able to tackle many of the deep seated problems that he had. However there was one problem that Joyce was unable to attend to. What was this and how did Fox now go about addressing it?

Joyce was of course unable to deal with the medical issues associated with Fox’s PD. At Joyce’s recommendation, Fox now started to see a new neurologist called Dr. Ropper who was able to start Fox on a new and more long term series of treatments for his condition.

3

219

1994 saw Greedy, Fox’s second film with Universal, ‘bomb at the box office’ leaving CAA, his new agents, with a very tough challenge ahead of them if they wanted to resurrect his career. Rather than chasing commercial success in the way he had been, Fox now instructed his agents that he was only willing to work on projects he genuinely wanted to do telling them to contact him if Woody Allen phoned. To his surprise this is exactly what happened. What project did Allen want Fox for?

Woody Allen was adapting his classic stage comedy, Don’t Drink the Water, for television and he wanted Fox for the role of Axcel McGee, the incompetent son of an American Ambassador.

4

228

After filming The American President and The Frighteners, the latter being the third and final film that Fox was under contract to make, the actor made an important, though controversial decision about the future of his career. What was this and what were the reasons behind this decision?

Fox decides to return to Television comedy. He had a number of reasons for this decision. First of all, he felt that the most gifted writers were now working on television. Secondly he wouldn’t be working for anyone, but instead going into a project as a full partner. Thirdly, given Dr Ropper’s prognosis, Fox had six or seven years left. He wanted to be able to be honest with his new partners and do so without concern as this was exactly the length of time needed for a successful network comedy series.

5

231

After much introspection during the Spring of 1994, Fox finally decides to allow his wife and child to witness the symptoms of his condition. He also makes another surprising decision. What was this?

He decided to study for and sit his General Equivalency Diploma Test which he duly passed.

6

235

With Tracy pregnant again, Fox accompanies her to see an obstetrician. As they examine the baby, they make a surprise discovery. What was this?

Fox at first thinks that he sees a deformity when he looks at the spine of the child before Tracy and the obstetrician correct him. Tracy is expecting twins.

7

237

Inducing a slightly early birth, Tracy had twin daughters in February, 1995. The first daughter was named Aquinnah, after their favourite town in Martha’s Vineyard where they had spent so many happy weeks together, and the second one was named Schuyler. Why was this?

Schuyler was Dutch for scholar or teacher, a name which Fox felt was especially apt as he had learned so much over the past ‘year of miracles’.



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Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 5

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 5

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Summary (Question and Answer)



Chapter Five

CHAPTER Five – Reality Bites

1

160

In January, 1990, Fox found himself in a desperate hurry to get to Vancouver. Why was this?

Fox found himself in this hurry because his father had just been rushed to hospital there. Though still alive, the outlook was not good.

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164

Whilst planning the memorial service for their father, Fox and his four siblings found themselves in an argument following a careless throwaway line from Fox. Upon closer thought, what did Fox think had really upset his brother, Steve?

Steve had been at the house when their father was taken ill and he had made all of the arrangements as best he could. When he informed Fox of the situation, Steve was told by his brother that the family had to do the best they could for their father and if necessary that meant flying him to Seattle by private jet. Fox tells his readers that this cavalier approach to the problem, and to Steve’s attempts and capacity to deal with it, lay behind his brother’s justified anger toward him that evening.

3

171- 178

Less than two years later, and Fox has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease by two separate doctors and is now consulting a third. Based on Fox’s age, The doctor is extremely doubtful of the previous two diagnoses but agrees to inspect him nonetheless. Relieved that this doctor doubts the previous opinions, Fox is certain that he is going to learn the truth from this latest consultation. What is he told?

This doctor ultimately tells Fox that he is very sorry, but he does indeed have ‘Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease.’

4

181-2

Fox begins by using Eldepryl to treat his condition but quickly moves on to Sinemot which proves far more effective in controlling the tremors he was experiencing in his left hand. Why did the success of Sinemot elicit ‘decidedly mixed feelings’ from Fox.

Fox has mixed feelings about the success of Sinemot because the doctors tell him that the success of the drug is proof positive that he has Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and yet its effectiveness in controlling the symptoms now made it possible for Fox to hide this fact from the outside world.

5

185

Why does Fox jump at an offer from Universal Studios which would lock him into a five year contract for three films?

The doctors have now told him that he only has ten years of good acting left. With the weight of that news, Fox was determined to make the most of it. Despite the drawback of signing with one studio at the expense of all others, Fox felt that this maximised his opportunity to make the most of his time professionally.

6

186

Faced with P.D, Fox decides to distract himself with a serious diet and fitness regime. Whilst the programme seems tough in many ways, what was the most difficult aspect for Fox?

The most difficult aspect of his new fitness and diet routine was that he had to limit his alcohol intake.

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191-193

Fox quickly descended into further drink abuse as a way of coping with his diagnosis; however one series of events convinced him that he had to finally quit drinking. Outline Fox’s last night of drinking and how it made Fox feel.

Fox had been on an all night drinking binge when he returned home. Accidentally waking up his wife, he crept to the fridge to get a beer. He never finished this bear as sprayed all over him and Fox ended up spending the night asleep on the sofa. The next morning he was woken up by his three year old son. He expected Tracy to be angry but she was remarkably calm, almost ‘indifferent’ to his behaviour the night before. This reaction made Fox realise that he had hit rock bottom, at least as far as drinking was concerned.

8

199

1993 saw two films starring Fox open in cinemas, including the first of the three films that he had signed with Universal to make over the next five years. Both of these films received poor reviews and failed at the box-office. On top of these disappointments Fox was being sued. Explain why this was.

Fox was being sued by someone he had sold a house to. They claimed that there were serious pre-existing defects with the house which had caused serious emotional and physical distress. Accordingly the claimant was filing for a multimillion dollar lawsuit – many times the value of the house.

9

203

Whilst Fox’s defence lawyer was able to effectively argue against the charges, the process as a whole laid Fox’s everyday life bare to him for the first time. As a result he became deeply introspective and ended up writing a long rambling series of memos and letters to himself. What conclusion did he come to as a result?

Reading his own ramblings, Fox came to the conclusion that he was indeed in need of professional help and he decided to get in contact with a psychologist whose number Tracy had earlier given him when she had tried, unsuccessfully, to convince him to make contact with a professional.



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Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 2

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 2

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Summary (Question and Answer)



Chapter Two

CHAPTER TWO – The Escape Artist
1 38 Fox’s father was a Sergeant in the Royal Canadian Army. What was his specific responsibility? He worked in the signal corps encoding and decoding messages for the army.
2 39 What does PMQ stand for and what were these like, according to Fox? PMQ stands for Permanent Married Quarters. According to Fox, these were neither especially comfortable nor spacious but did provide unrivalled security given their location on an army base.
3 41-2 Fox recounts a story about his grandmother who, during WWII, received two separate telegrams informing her that Harry and Kenny, two of her sons serving in the armed forces, were missing presumed dead. Sometime later she received news that both had survived and were alive and well albeit now Prisoners of War. Whilst she reacted very badly to the first telegram which concerned Kenny, she was less concerned about the second. Why was this? A few days after the second telegram she had a dream which she interpreted as meaning that Harry, like Kenny, had survived. She put total faith in this premonition. Thankfully for the family, this indeed proved to be the case.
4 43 Causing great alarm among his family, Fox developed a tendency to wander out of his parental home and meet the neighbours who would invariably return him to his increasingly exasperated mother. On one trip he visited a local sweet shop whose owner telephoned to report the appearance of the missing child. His mother asked the owner to give him some candy while his father came to get him, adding that Fox’s father would of course pay for the sweets when he arrived. Why did the owner respond by laughing? Fox’s father did not need to bring any money to pay for the candy as Fox had taken his father’s entire transfer allowance with him to the store and thus had plenty of money to buy the candy.
5 48 Both his father and his grandmother hold very important places within Fox’s heart, albeit for very different reasons. Explain this. Fox’s father is described as a realist who always looked for the safe and functional solution to a problem. On the other hand Fox’s grandmother is described as a dreamer who encouraged Fox’s eccentricities and fuelled his ambitions, hopes and desires.
6 50 Why, in 1963, could Fox’s father apply for a larger house than was normally available for a man of his rank? With news of a fifth child on the way, the family were eligible for a housing upgrade which they duly applied for and eventually recieved.
7 55 Why did Fox’s grandfather have a tattoo of a thoroughbred with a horseshoe shaped laurel of roses draped around his neck tattooed on his left bicep? As a teenager during the war, he worked briefly at a race track and, owing to his diminutive size, potentially had the chance of becoming a jokey. This was a dream he realised on a small number of occasions leading to a drunken decision to get the tattoo. With the end of the war and the return of a generation of soldiers, this dream vanished but the tattoo remained.
8 55-56 Whilst watching an old home movie in which his father seems to display a great sense of pride and happiness on Christmas Eve whilst staring at the Christmas tree which was surrounded by presents, what does Fox conclude that his father was thinking? Having gone through a difficult and impoverished childhood in which his mother left the family unexpectedly and his father frequently had to work away from home to help the family survive financially, Fox decides that the tree surrounded by presents represented two important things to his father. First of all, the abundance of presents represented financial stability and even success which had been so lacking in his childhood. Secondly, and even more importantly, the presents represented a strong familial bond, another important aspect lacking in his childhood.
9 60 The young Michael J. Fox proved to be one of the favourite topics of conversation at family gatherings when various members of the family would discuss his progress at school, whether he needed medication to help him grow or medication to help him concentrate during lessons. How did Fox’s grandmother always react to such concerns about him and his future? Fox’s grandmother would always tell the rest of the family not to worry about Fox because he was going to be fine. In fact, he was going to do very well for himself. She even told people that he would be famous when he grew up.
10 64 When Fox reached Junior High School, he could take electives, a wide selection of optional courses from which he had to choose a limited number. Which two subjects did he take? As his electives, Fox decided to take guitar and acting.
11 64 Whilst learning to play the guitar, Fox met a young man called Andy Hill with whom he formed a band. What was the name of that band and where did it come from. The band was called Halex, and the name was taken from the brand of ‘ping-pong’ balls they used at the school.
12 68 Fox spent one summer working with his mother as a clerk. In exchange for completing any number of menial tasks, he was paid a total of $600 for his summer’s labour. Whilst this endeavour pleased his parents no end who no doubt hoped that this was the start of a more grounded focus for the young Fox, what he decided to spend the money on proved less popular. What did he spend it on? He used the $600 to buy a new guitar, replacing the cheap Japanese copy he owned with a real Fender.
13 70 By his sixteenth birthday, Fox was spending most of his time with a more rebellious group of kids with whom he frequently drank and smoked. Fox tells his readers that he was in a downward spiral at this stage, one which many young men of his age experience. What does Fox call the bottom of such a journey? Fox refers to this as teenage wasteland.
14 71 Before Fox could progress any further down this spiral, he got a stroke of luck. What was this? He was invited to audition for a show about a twelve year old boy. Even though he was sixteen his height and youthful features meant that he could pass for the age and his added maturity helped him land the role and the $6000 dollars it paid.
15 75 Described as a ‘great irony’ by Fox, he found himself receiving great reviews for his professional acting but was failing high school drama along with every other subject. Why was this? He was working long hours on the television set for Leo & me and more often than not would fail to make it into school the next day. His high absentee rate contributed to his trouble at school.
16 75 After a lengthy discussion with the school, Fox’s parents eventually decided to support his decision to ‘drop out’. This was partially due to their promise to do so if they couldn’t convince the school to take his professional acting into consideration when grading him, but it was also dependent on another reason. What was this? Fox’s parents told him that because his grandmother had been so strong in her beliefs, they would have felt like they were ‘letting her down’ had they not supported his decision to drop out of school to pursue acting as a full time career.



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Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 3

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 3

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Summary (Question and Answer)



Chapter Three

CHAPTER THREE Hollywood High

Fox’s dad shocked him when he said, ‘Well, if you want to be a lumberjack you’ve got to go to the forest’. What did he mean by this and did Fox have to ‘go to the forest’ alone?

If you are a lumberjack then you have to go where the trees are. In the same way, if you want to be an actor you have to go where the work is and that means Hollywood. Contrary to Fox’s expectation, not only was his father supportive of his plans but he also came with him and paid for the adventure.

 

Fox’s trip to Hollywood proved to be a success and he was made three firm offers for acting work however the choice of film was easy. What film did Fox decide to accept and on what basis did he make that decision?

Fox decided to accept a role in a Disney feature called Midnight Madness. He describes his decision as an easy one as this was the only film to start shooting after his eighteenth birthday which, for legal reasons and labour laws, made it the obvious option to take.

 

Moving to California shortly after his eighteenth birthday, Fox could only afford a very small studio apartment. The apartment was so small that it was impossible to use the sink to wash up his cutlery and utensils. What did he decide to use for this function?

Fox’s only option was to use the shower to wash his dishes.

 

Once in California, Fox was forced to adopt a new name. Why was this and how did he make his selection?

The Screen actors Guild prohibit two of their members from using the same name and as there was already a Michael Fox, he was forced to adopt a new name. He eventually chose Michael J. Fox as he disliked his own middle initial of E. and was a fan of Michael J. Pollard whose middle initial he promptly added to his own name.

 

Fox found himself surrounded by different people who were willing to provide him with services for a percentage of his earnings. At the time he thought of these people as allies, with hindsight he now thinks that he was at the centre of a ‘feeding frenzy’. What does Fox mean by this?

The people who surrounded him were all keen to work for him but took a very sizable cut of his earnings. By feeding frenzy, he likens these people to predators hunting a victim and he was their pray off of whom they were feeding.

 

Fox describes auditions as being like hell. He lists a number of considerations which any aspiring actor needs to have in mind including not looking too fat, but not too skinny. Not too young, but not too old. Above all, however, Fox offers one piece of advice. What is this?

Above all else, Fox tells any aspiring actor to never look desperate – something which he himself was finding increasingly difficult after the series he was working on, Palmerstown, was cancelled. This left him with no job and a long list of creditors demanding money.

 

When, in 1982, Fox was given a call-back for a show called Family ties, he was both surprised, given the length of time which had elapsed since he read for the part, and desperate. After three years working in Hollywood, Fox had little financially to show for his efforts and in fact, since Palmerstown was cancelled, His parents and family had been helping to support him for a number of months whilst he looked for another job. Such had been his luck, that even they were now recommending that he returned home and gave up on his dream of acting. In a last ditch attempt to land a job he went to the call back. What last minute piece of advice did Fox receive and why was he sceptical that this was possible?

He was told to make his character more ‘lovable’. He thought that this was going to be next to impossible as his character was a ‘know it all, tie wearing, Nixon worshipping teenager who valued money above all else’.

 

After Michael J. Fox’s character in Family Ties becomes an international success, Fox recalls presenting Brandon Tartikoff, one of the NBC executives responsible for hiring him in the first place, with a custom made lunch box emblazoned with his own image. Why did he do this?

Ehilst other NBC executives thought Fox was perfect for the role, Brandon had argued against hiring the actor for two main reasons. First of all he thought that Fox was too short to conceivably be the son of the two lead characters who would play his parents and secondly because Fox ‘didn’t have a face which could appear on the front of a lunch box’. Fox’s gesture amounted to telling Brandon that he was wrong. America had loved his character and Fox had helped make them both successes.

 

With Family Ties proving to be a massive commercial success and the low budget film Teen Wolf, in which Fox played the lead role of an adolescent werewolf, proving to be an unexpected triumph, Fox got a piece of exciting news. Steven Spielberg had started to shoot a new film but was unsure of the actor who had been cast in the lead role. Originally the director had wanted Fox to take the part and now he was insisting upon it. What was the name of this film?

The name of the film was Back to the Future.

 

This period of Fox’s life represented a period of unadulterated success on both television and the big screen. He had become one of the most famous actors in America and his name was a household word. How did Fox feel about his success?

Fox thought that it was all a matter of luck, and despite things continuing to go from strength to strength, he admits to harbouring secret doubts about the future.

 



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Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 4

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Chapter 4

Lucky Man by Michael J. Fox Summary (Question and Answer)



Chapter Four

CHAPTER FOUR – Lost in the fun House

1

118

Fox’s meteoric rise to fortune was an amazing one. He was now in a position where he was on the cover of America’s most popular magazines, interviewed on the most listened to radio stations and was all over the television and the cinema screen. However Fox found the process of becoming famous and being famous very disconcerting. He writes that “odd as it may sound, becoming famous is something that happened to me in the same way that Parkinson’s disease happened to me.” What does he mean by this?

He wants to convey the fact that he had very little to do with how he was perceived by the public. The real Fox lived in the real world but the famous Fox lived in the collective mind of America. Whilst fame isn’t a disease, he writes, the effects can be as damaging and Fox found himself lost in that world.

2

120

As a teenager in school, Fox was shy around women and generally found that they were more interested in ‘jocks’ than ‘theatre geeks’. This all changed the moment he became famous when women became much more interested in him. Was Fox concerned when people warned him that some women were only interested in him now because he was famous?

Fox didn’t mind in the slightest. He enjoyed all the advantages that fame brought to him.

3

121

Fox’s new found fame led to him meeting many famous and important people, none more so than the evening he sat next to Princess Diana at the London based premier of Back to the Future. How did Fox get over his nervous of meeting the Princess and what were the unfortunate consequences of this decision?

To get over his nerves of meeting the Princess he decided to drink a couple of beers. Unfortunately this made him desperate to use the toilet however he found himself unable to do so as etiquette demanded that he only stand to leave the room after the Princess. He thus describes his meeting with Diana as “two of the most excruciating hours of my life”.

4

124

Fox finds one of the great ironies of growing up with very little money and subsequently becoming famous is that just as you earn enough money to be able to buy whatever you want, you no longer have to pay for it because every company wants to give you their products in return for your endorsement. What happened when Fox admitted to Jay Leno, live on television, that he found American beer to be too watery and so drank Canadian manufactured Moosehead Ale instead?

No sooner than he had said this on television than he received a visit from a representative of the Canadian Moosehead Ale Company who gave him a large quantity of their product along with a promise for more whenever he wanted it.

5

126

With a drive full of every car his heart desired, Fox’s greatest problem when planning for a journey was which car he should take. Once on the road, he found it frustrating when he was stuck behind cars which were not willing to break the speed limit to the same extent that he was. Despite his willingness to flaunt the laws of the road, he nevertheless was careful not to get a speeding ticket. What experience taught him that it may not even matter if he was caught speeding by the police?

The experience which taught him that the law was not such a problem for him was when he was caught driving his Ferrari in excess of 80mph down a stretch of Ventura Boulevard. Rather than revoke his license, or at least issue him with a ticket, the traffic cop just told him to drive more carefully as he wouldn’t want one of his favourite actors to die in a car crash.

6

130-133

Fox outlines three strategies he employed to survive being famous. The first was always saying ‘yes’ to fans. Accordingly he would never refuse to pose for a photograph, or sign an autograph – this was especially true for charities who wanted his time and help. Secondly he kept as busy as possible, sometimes working on several project at the same time and back to back. What was his third strategy and what did it involve?

His third strategy was ‘partying his arse off’ and it involved him drinking to excess and attending every party that he had the time to.

7

138

One of the things which Fox found hardest to get used to was being greeted as an old friend by celebrities he had never met. Nonetheless, one meeting with a celebrity, who was a personal childhood hero of his, stands out above all others. Who was this celebrity and how did they meet?

This celebrity was ice hockey player, Bobby Orr. They met at a charity hockey game which Fox had asked to take part in just for the opportunity to meet his hero.

8

142

“I feel four foot tall” – this line, spoken by Fox as he accepted an Emmy, a top award for his work in comedy, drew great laughs from the audience. However Fox tells his readers that it was more than just a joke – what was Fox really trying to say with that line?

Fox tells his readers that what he was trying to express was a sense of surprise and disbelief at his success mixed with a deep seated feeling that he was not worthy of the attention, literally he ‘didn’t measure up’.

9

144

Entrusted to his parents for safe delivery, the Emmy would meet an unfortunate end. What happened to it and how did Fox react to this news?

Fox’s father would accidentally break the award during transport. Fox was not in the least bit concerned, telling his father that the physical award meant nothing and, at any rate, he would likely be given another if he reported the accident.

10

147

Fox met Tracy, his future wife, when she was cast in Family Ties. He calls the moment that he ‘fell for her’ the ‘scampi moment’. What happened?

About four weeks into filming Fox joked with Tracy by accusing her of having bad breath, saying ”whoa, a little scampi for lunch, babe?”. At first Tracy didn’t react but then Fox could see that she was hurt and she leaned over to him and quietly said “that was mean and rude and you are a complete and total fucking arsehole”. At this moment, Fox tells his readers, he was suddenly aware of the fact that he was ‘smitten’ by her. He apologised and she came back to work – they both left the incident behind them.

11

149

Before leaving the show, Tracy was very keen for Fox to hear a particular song by James Taylor which contained a number of lines about John Belushi. What did Fox think Tracy was trying to tell him with this song?

John Belushi was a famous comedian and Fox interpreted Tracy to be warning him of the dangers of getting so lost in the showbiz lifestyle that he would never find himself again.

12

150-157

When, in 1987, Tracy was reunited with Fox during the filming of Bright Lights Big City, they would end up becoming much closer and a little over one year later they were married. The ceremony was a small private affair for close friends and family only. Nonetheless, every newspaper in America tried to get photos of the event. How, according to Fox, did they react in their coverage of the wedding when they failed?

When the press were unable to get any photos of the event, they reacted by covering the event in a negative way, claiming that the event had been a disaster for one reason or another.



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Animal Farm by George Orwell Chapter 07

Animal Farm by George Orwell Chapter 07

Animal Farm by George Orwell Summary (Question and Answer)

Chapter Seven

CHAPTER SEVEN

1.

54

February saw the weather deteriorate even further and soon the animals were facing an extreme shortage of food. Aware that the outside world was now focusing all of their attention on Animal Farm, Napoleon decided that it would be necessary to show them that the animals were not close to starvation. Accordingly he hatched a plan to impress Mr Whymper in the hope that the solicitor would convince the outside world that there were no food shortages after all. Name two ways in which Napoleon achieved this? 

In an attempt to convince Mr Whymper that there was no food shortage at Animal Farm, Napoleon tried two main tactics. The first of these was to arrange for Mr Whymper to overhear a number of staged conversations about how the rations were being increased. The second tactic used by Napoleon was to convince Mr Whymper that their store houses were full of grain by arranging for the grain-bins to be filled from the bottom up with sand. On the very top of which a small amount of grain would be sprinkled to give the impression that they were better stocked than they were in reality.

2.

56

Despite his posturing, it soon became obvious to Napoleon that Animal Farm would need to procure more grain or face starvation. Coming to an arrangement with Mr. Whymper, what did the pig arrange to sell in return for enough grain and meal to keep the farm going until the summer and what was the reaction from the animals affected?

Napoleon arranged with Mr Whymper to supply four hundred eggs a week enabling the farm to secure a large quantity of grain. The chickens were extremely angry at this decision and argued that to take the eggs away at this point would amount to murder.

3.

56

With growing discontent, the farm soon approached a state of rebellion. How did the hens attempt to thwart Napoleon’s plans?

In an attempt to thwart Napoleon’s plans the hens started to fly up to the rafters to lay their eggs which would then fall to the floor and break.

4.

56

Infuriated by this protest, Napoleon ordered a halt to the hen’s rations. All other animals were forbidden to give any grain to the hens, a rule enforced by the death penalty. The hens held out for five days but finally capitulated after a number of hens died. How many hens perished as a result of this protest?

The protest came at a heavy cost of life and nine of the hens perished.

5.

57-58

For the rest of the winter whenever anything went wrong it was blamed on Snowball who was said to creep into the farm at night and set about doing damage. After several months of accusations, and a number of attempts to find the pig, Napoleon announced that he finally knew where Snowball was hiding. Where was this and what did Napoleon report that Snowball was planning?

Squealer told the animals that Snowball had sold himself to the owner of Pinchfield Farm and they were now planning to invade Animal Farm with Snowball acting as the guide.

6.

59-60

Soon Napoleon was said to have discovered a number of documents which categorically proved that Snowball had been a secret agent working for Mr Jones from the very start. When this news was relayed to the animals by Squealer, many of the animals, including Boxer, refused to believe it. How did Squealer finally manage to persuade Boxer that it was true?

Squealer tried many different tactics in an attempt to persuade Boxer that Snowball had always been working for Mr Jones but finally succeeded in convincing him by arguing that ‘Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon’ believes it to have been the case. As Boxer always believed everything that Napoleon said, he quickly changed his mind and agreed that ‘if Napoleon says it is true then it must be so’.

7.

61

After a few days, Napoleon called an assembly; during this meeting he accused four of the animals of working with Snowball. Who were these animals and how did they react to these accusations?

Napoleon accused four pigs, who had earlier voiced their opposition to his policies, of working with Snowball. The four pigs were rounded up by a number of Napoleon’s attack dogs. Injured and at Napoleon’s mercy, all four pigs quickly confessed to the crime of helping Snowflake.

8.

61

How were the four animals accused of helping Snowbull punished by Napoleon?

Napoleon ordered that the four pigs accused of helping snowbull should be executed by having their throats torn out by the dogs.

9.

62

After the four animals had been dealt with, Napoleon asked the animals if anyone else had anything to confess. A number of animals came forward to confess everything from stealing a small amount of grain to seeing snowflake in their dreams. How were these animals punished and how did the other assembled animals feel about this?

All of the animals who came forward and confessed to a crime were put to death. The assembled animals were all shocked by the scenes of bloodshed and left feeling greatly disturbed by what they had witnessed.

10.

63

Boxer was as deeply affected by the scenes of murder and slaughter as anybody. How did he explain the incident and how did he decide to atone for the errors which had, in his opinion, led to the bloody scenes that he had witnessed.

After some deliberation and deep thought, Boxer concluded that the problems being witnessed on the farm must be ‘due to some fault in ourselves’. To atone for this, Boxer decided that he would awake a full hour before everyone else in the future so that he could achieve even more before the others woke up.

11.

64

Clover was affected by what she had witnessed in an altogether different way. Even though she lacked the language to express it clearly, she realised that the Animal Farm in which she was living was not the Animal Farm that she had fought for or that Old Major had dreamt of. Whilst Clover was unable to adequately express this in words, she did find a way to do so. How was this and how did Squealer respond when he witnessed this?

In an attempt to voice what she was feeling, Clover began to sing ‘Beasts of England’. Soon she was joined by many others who joined in her slow and pitiful rendition of the song. When Squealer heard the animals singing ‘Beasts of England’ he quickly rushed over to them and told them that the song was now forbidden. ‘Beasts of England’ was replaced by a two line refrain written by Minimus which was to be sung on all official occasions in the future.

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